Key Takeways:
- Subacute Cutaneous Lupus (SCL) is a type of lupus that mostly affects the skin.
- It causes red, scaly rashes (patches or ring-shaped spots) that usually appear on parts of the body exposed to sunlight.
- SCLE is different from acute lupus because it develops slowly and does not usually harm internal organs.
- Common symptoms include itching, burning, and skin sensitivity to sunlight.
- Sun exposure, certain medicines, hormones, and family history may cause SCLE.
- Women between the ages of 30 and 50 are more likely to get this condition.
- There is no permanent cure for SCLE, but a combination of treatment options can help.
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCL) is a specific type of lupus that mainly affects the skin. Unlike Acute Cutaneous Lupus, it develops more slowly, lasts longer, and usually stays limited to the skin.
Although SCLE is not usually dangerous, it can cause red, scaly rashes and discomfort, especially when exposed to sunlight. Understanding the symptoms, causes, treatment, and differences from other forms of lupus can help in early diagnosis and better management of the condition.
What is Subacute Cutaneous Lupus?
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCL) is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder that primarily targets the skin. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, especially after exposure to the sun. It usually causes red, scaly, and ring-shaped or patchy lesions on sun-exposed areas such as the chest, arms, and upper back.
Although it is a type of lupus, it is not as deep or damaging as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which can harm organs like the kidneys, heart, and brain. SCLE usually stays limited to the skin but still needs proper care to avoid discomfort and long-term skin discoloration.
What are the Symptoms of Subacute Cutaneous Lupus?
Most of the symptoms of SCLE mimic other skin conditions, making it difficult to catch. This is why Clinical Trials for SLE are being held. They will help differentiate these symptoms and understand different forms of lupus in depth.
However, some prominent symptoms of SCLE are as follows:
- Red or pink patches that appear suddenly or slowly, often on areas exposed to sunlight
- Scaly or flaky skin, which may resemble psoriasis or eczema.
- Ring-shaped lesions with clear centers and red edges.
- No scarring, but may leave lighter or darker marks after healing.
- Mild itching, burning, or sensitivity in some patients.
- Photosensitivity, meaning the skin is prone to UV rays.
Moreover, in rare cases, symptoms like mild joint pain, fatigue, or muscle aches can also appear.
Remember: Skin lesions may come and go but often cause flare-ups in summer or after sun exposure.
Causes Of Subacute Cutaneous Lupus
Doctors do not exactly know why SCLE develops. But there are certain factors that seem to play a role. These include:
Genetics
According to studies, if someone in your family has lupus or another autoimmune disease, you may be more likely to get SCLE. This is because certain genes can affect how the immune system behaves, making some people more prone to autoimmune reactions.
Sunlight Exposure
Sunlight is one of the biggest triggers for subacute cutaneous lupus. Even a short time in the sun can cause flare-ups in sensitive people. This is because UV light can damage skin cells and trigger an abnormal immune response in those with SCLE.
Medications
Some drugs, especially hydrochlorothiazide (for blood pressure), terbinafine (for fungal infections), and chemotherapy drugs, can cause drug-induced SCLE. However, in many cases, symptoms often improve after stopping the medication, but it may take weeks or months to heal completely.
Immune System Problems
SCLE happens when the immune system attacks healthy parts of the body by mistake.
Although the exact cause isn’t always known, experts suggest that it may be due to a mix of genes and environmental triggers.
Hormonal Influence
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus is more common in women between the ages of 30 and 50, which means hormones play a critical role in causing the disease. Therefore, fluctuations in estrogen levels and other hormones may trigger symptoms, especially during pregnancy or menopause.
How is Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Treated?
Since there is no permanent cure for SCLE, some treatment options can help manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups. These are as follows:
Sun Protection
Avoiding sunlight is the first and foremost step to prevent flare-ups. Therefore, use sunscreen daily and wear protective clothing when going outdoors.
Topical Treatments
Doctors may suggest steroid creams to help reduce redness and swelling on the skin. Also, non-steroid creams such as tacrolimus are recommended for long-term use, especially on the face.
Oral Medications
Medicines such as hydroxychloroquine help control skin inflammation. Additionally, in more severe cases, stronger immunosuppressant drugs may also be needed.
Other Supportive Care
Furthermore, use gentle skincare and avoid harsh products. Remember, regular checkups and blood tests can help keep track of your health.
Clinical Trials
Participating in Clinical Trials for SCLE may also provide new treatment options that may work better than current options in improving symptoms and quality of life.
Is Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Dangerous?
In most cases, SCLE is not dangerous, as compared to systemic lupus erythematosus. However, it can affect quality of life due to its visible symptoms and sensitivity to sunlight. Thus, if left untreated, skin damage and emotional stress may occur.
Moreover, in a small number of patients, SCLE can overlap with systemic lupus. That’s why it’s important to monitor your health closely, especially if you begin to experience fatigue, unexplained fever, chest pain, or kidney problems.
Acute vs Subacute Cutaneous Lupus: What’s the Difference?
Understanding the difference between acute and subacute forms of cutaneous lupus can help with proper diagnosis and treatment. The following key differences between these two forms are:
Acute Cutaneous Lupus:
- It is often linked to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
- Usually presents as a “butterfly rash” over the cheeks and nose.
- It may appear suddenly and go away quickly.
- Mostly, it involves internal organs such as the kidneys and lungs.
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus:
- It may or may not be connected to SLE.
- Causes ring-shaped or scaly lesions on sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, and shoulders.
- This type of lupus develops gradually and lasts longer.
- It is mostly limited to the skin and is less likely to affect internal organs.
In short, Acute cutaneous lupus is more aggressive and linked to systemic lupus. Whereas subacute lupus is milder, mostly skin-related, and easier to manage.
Also read: Cutaneous Lupus: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment Options You Should Know
Final Words
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus (SCL) is a long-term but treatable skin condition. Though it can cause skin discomfort and make you more sensitive to sunlight, most people can live healthy and normal lives with proper care. So, if you experience any unusual changes in your skin or think you might have SCLE, consult a dermatologist or rheumatologist as soon as possible. Starting treatment early makes it easier to manage symptoms and avoid problems.
Additionally, High Tower Clinical can also help support better care by running clinical trials. So, if you are diagnosed with SCLE, just remember that the sooner you start treatment, the easier it is to manage.
